WASHINGTON — A weak labor market provided energy Sunday for criticism of President Barack Obama, with the campaign of presumptive Republican challenger Mitt Romney contending that the president’s lack of executive leadership experience undermines his policies.

The unemployment rate rose to 8.2 percent in May as the Labor Department reported just 69,000 new jobs, the fewest in nearly a year. In appearances on Sunday’s news shows, Obama campaign officials cast the dismal gains in employment as evidence of growth in jobs for the 27th straight month while acknowledging that it was not at an acceptable pace.

The Obama campaign said Congress had not acted on initiatives that would lead to more hiring of teachers and construction workers. However, Romney campaign adviser Eric Fehrnstrom put the blame on Obama and touted Romney’s experience running the 2002 Winter Olympics and his tenure as Massachusetts governor.

“It’s not that we don’t think that this president is trying. I think he is. It’s just that his policies are not working,” Fehrnstrom said. “We gave the keys to the largest economy in the world to a person who did not have any prior executive leadership experiences.”

Stephanie Cutter, deputy campaign manager for Obama, said an estimated 1 million jobs would result if Congress approved Obama’s job proposals.

“They need to get off their hands and stop rooting for failure,” she said. “That’s really what’s going on right now.”

Massachusetts Gov. Deval Patrick, a Democrat and an Obama supporter, and Obama senior adviser David Axelrod also criticized lawmakers.

“What we have right now is a Congress which has decided that there is a political advantage in stymieing this president, putting ideology ahead of country,” Patrick said.

Axelrod said: “These are the architects of obstruction, and now they’re complaining about the pace of the recovery. They should put down their political hats and join us and help solve these problems.”